ISLAND AT THE CENTER OF WORLD(ISBN=9781400078677) 英文原版 下载 pdf 百度网盘 epub 免费 2025 电子书 mobi 在线

　　When the British wrested New Amsterdam from the Dutch in 1664,

the truth about its thriving, polyglot society began to disappear

into myths about an island purchased for 24 dollars and a

cartoonish peg-legged governor. But the story of the Dutch colony

of New Netherland was merely lost, not destroyed: 12,000 pages of

its records–recently declared a national treasure–are now being

translated. Drawing on this remarkable archive, Russell Shorto has

created a gripping narrative–a story of global sweep centered on a

wilderness called Manhattan–that transforms our understanding of

early America.

The Dutch colony pre-dated the “original” thirteen colonies, yet

it seems strikingly familiar. Its capital was cosmopolitan and

multi-ethnic, and its citizens valued free trade, individual

rights, and religious freedom. Their champion was a progressive,

young lawyer named Adriaen van der Donck, who emerges in these

pages as a forgotten American patriot and whose political vision

brought him into conflict with Peter Stuyvesant, the autocratic

director of the Dutch colony. The struggle between these two

strong-willed men laid the foundation for New York City and helped

shape American culture. The Island at the Center of the World

uncovers a lost world and offers a surprising new perspective on

our own.

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　　Russell Shorto is a contributing writer at the New York

Times Magazine, and the author of two previous books: Gospel

Truth, about the search for the historical Jesus, and Saints

and Madmen, about psychiatry and religion. The hub of his

research for The Island at the Center of the World was the

New Netherland Project at the New York State Library, where the

archives of the Dutch colony centered on Manhattan are being

translated. He lives in New York’s Hudson Valley with his wife and

their two daughters.

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实际上，美国历史对于以曼哈顿为中心的荷兰殖民地的看法大概是这样的：形形色色的失败者和无赖聚到一起，这些无足轻重的人空等着命运之风把他们从这个地图上吹走。荷兰人已经成功拿下了一块价值无法估量的地产，然而虽然他们擅长在世界的另一端以此扭转局势，但是在这端一一尽管范・登・博加特和约阿希米大使费了九牛二虎之力ー一他们还是只能看着心血付诸东流。

如果把这些行动和信件放到一起，我们就能拼凑出范・德·邓克的形象，他正是该殖民地历史中的关键人物。这个人以如今已没有人注意到的方式，奠定了一个大城市的基石，他居功至伟。把他称为默默无闻的纽约市之父也许太过夸张，但是，他至少是被历史遗忘了的一位重要人物。

具有讽刺意味的是，当范·德·邓克满腔热忱想要罢免施托伊弗桑特的总督一职时，后者做出了一些绝妙的外交工作一一抵御北部英国人的进攻，从而保证了殖民地的稳定。事实上，正是由于这两个死对头的努力，组约オ会成为如今的模样。倘若两人中有任何一方失败了，也许在荷兰人建立自己的机构前，英国人就占领了这里，纽约会成为像新英格兰的波士顿那样的港口城市，而美国的文化也将不会是今日形态。

也许这段非凡历史--30年里，岛屿和周围的殖民地五次易主的主要结果是它迫使它的居民固化了他们的身份。哪个欧洲势力掌握最终的控制对于曼哈顿居民来说变得没有那么重要了，重要的是他们自己种族群体之间的关系和他们与贸易者、运货商以及与世界其他地方的亲人之间的关系；重要的是他们的权利，无论是谁获得了对这块地方的控制权，他们都要发出声音，坚持获得相应的尊重，这确保了各个小群体得以繁荣起来。

但所有这些都没有说到关键点上。荷兰殖民地之所以重要，是因为它在航线上设立了曼哈顿这个地方，它是一个开放和自由贸易的地区。一种新的精神盘旋在岛屿上空，这是与新英格兰和弗吉尼亚完全不相容的精神，可以直接追溯荷兰在16~17世纪进行的宽容辩论以及笛卡尔、格劳秀斯和斯宾诺莎的心智世界。是的，在哈德逊河谷的城镇有人保留着荷兰传统，但那大多是对英国占领的反抗：和任何地方的少数族裔样，他们巩固根基，产生自我意识，保卫和发扬自己的传统甚至在19世纪的时候，来自尼德兰的游客到了美国说“低地荷兰语”的地方，却不能理解他们在说什么，那是在两个世纪之前黄金时代遗留下来的口语。实际上，荷兰最早殖民者的后代身上最具有讽刺意味的一点就是，他们通过最终融入美利坚文化，向他们的遗产表达了最真诚的敬意。

力争向上是荷兰人性格中的一部分：如果你卖力工作、头脑精明，那么你的地位就会提高，今天这是健康社会的象征；但在17世纪，这却很奇怪。

国父，年轻面有朝气的共和国，独立战争，精明务实，蔑视君主、对差异抱有开明接纳心态的民众。这一切都令人有似曾相识的感它们在下一个世纪的美国开创者身上保留了下来。

书籍介绍

When the British wrested New Amsterdam from the Dutch in 1664, the truth about its thriving, polyglot society began to disappear into myths about an island purchased for 24 dollars and a cartoonish peg-legged governor. But the story of the Dutch colony of New Netherland was merely lost, not destroyed: 12,000 pages of its records–recently declared a national treasure–are now being translated. Drawing on this remarkable archive, Russell Shorto has created a gripping narrative–a story of global sweep centered on a wilderness called Manhattan–that transforms our understanding of early America.

The Dutch colony pre-dated the “original” thirteen colonies, yet it seems strikingly familiar. Its capital was cosmopolitan and multi-ethnic, and its citizens valued free trade, individual rights, and religious freedom. Their champion was a progressive, young lawyer named Adriaen van der Donck, who emerges in these pages as a forgotten American patriot and whose political vision brought him into conflict with Peter Stuyvesant, the autocratic director of the Dutch colony. The struggle between these two strong-willed men laid the foundation for New York City and helped shape American culture. The Island at the Center of the World uncovers a lost world and offers a surprising new perspective on our own.